Dr. López-Solà will start by reflecting on the psychological, physical and brain changes that sharpen during adolescence and that may be associated with the first surge of chronic pain cases along the lifespan. What makes adolescence a particularly vulnerable period from a neurophysiological perspective? Here we will explain several findings that may render adolescents, particularly adolescent females, more vulnerable to central nervous system plasticity and sustained pain states after injuries, physical overload and sustained psychosocial stress. We will start by explaining our very recently published observations on the particularities of nociceptive pain processing in healthy girls compared with adult women and will then reflect on how different aspects of brain responses to nociceptive stimulation may facilitate transitions from acute to chronic pain states in youth. We will also shed light, based on our recent work -unpublished-, on how different features of cortical sensory integration in somatosensory systems but also extending to other cortical sensory systems (such as visual and auditory) may play a role in juvenile fibromyalgia pain. I will explain how brain findings may fit with work by Drs. Myer and Kashikar-Zuck showing that tailored neuromuscular training which prepares patients to engage in more vigorous physical activity over time with increased self-confidence and less fear is critical to progressively reduce functional disability and clinical pain.